Ms Hirsi Ali is reported to be heading for the US |
Ms Hirsi Ali said she would quit after the country's immigration minister withdrew her Dutch citizenship.
A fierce critic of conservative Islam, Ms Hirsi Ali rose to prominence in 2004 after her film-maker colleague Theo van Gogh was killed by a Muslim extremist.
She has since had police protection, amid threats from Islamic extremists.
Ms Hirsi Ali wrote the script for Van Gogh's TV film Submission, which angered many Muslims.
'Saddened but relieved'
Ms Hirsi Ali announced her decision at a news conference in The Hague.
"Today I resign as a member of parliament," she was quoted by AFP news agency as saying.
"I will leave the Netherlands, saddened but also relieved. I will pack my bags. I will go on."
Ms Hirsi Ali came under pressure to resign after a Dutch television programme last week broadcast details of her falsified 1992 asylum application.
In the documentary, Ms Hirsi Ali said that when she arrived in the Netherlands she had come straight from Somalia, whereas actually she had lived in three different countries in the interim.
Ms Hirsi Ali said she had already admitted lying to win asylum in the Netherlands when she was vetted as a candidate for parliament in 2002
The MP came under fresh pressure last month after a Dutch court ruled that she must leave her home in The Hague because neighbours felt she was a security risk.
Citizenship annulled
Dutch Immigration Minister Rita Verdonk said on Monday that in the light of the programme and other facts, the MP's citizenship was unlikely to be valid.
Ms Verdonk - like Ms Hirsi Ali a member of the centre-right VVD party - withdrew Ms Hirsi Ali's Dutch citizenship on Tuesday.
"It is difficult to live with so many threats on your life and such a level of police protection," Hirsi Ali was quoted by the Associated Press news agency as saying.
"It is difficult to work as a parliamentarian if you have nowhere to live. All that is difficult but not impossible. It has become impossible since last [Monday] night."
Dutch media has reported that Ms Hirsi Ali will go to work for the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank, in Washington.
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